These results suggest that some Salmonella effector proteins could have a conserved function during proliferation in different hosts. Moreover, the requirement of Salmonella SpvC was shown by the decreased proliferation of the ΔspvC mutant in Arabidopsis plants. Using in vitro and in vivo systems we show that this effector protein interacts with and dephosphorylates activated Arabidopsis Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase 6 (MPK6, thereby inhibiting defense signaling. Among these, the phosphothreonine lyase SpvC attenuated the induction of immunity-related genes when present in plant cells. We screened a range of Salmonella Typhimurium effector proteins for interference with plant immunity. In this report we present the function of Salmonella effector protein in plant cell, supporting the new concept of trans-kingdom competence of this bacterium. Successful infection demands the suppression of the host immune system, which is often achieved via injection of bacterial effector proteins into host cells. The Salmonella effector protein SpvC, a phosphothreonine lyase is functional in plant cellsįull Text Available Salmonella is one of the most prominent causes of food poisoning and growing evidence indicates that contaminated fruits and vegetables are an increasing concern for human health.
We describe here these effectors and their hypothesised roles in the unique feeding behaviour of these pests. Comparative genomics and functional analyses are gradually revealing the roles of nematode effectors. Several of these proteins were immunolocalised within feeding cell nuclei or shown to interact with host nuclear proteins. Some proteins encoded by parasitism genes target host nuclei. This cell reprogramming requires changes to host nuclear processes.
The establishment of specialized feeding cells requires these effectors to modulate many aspects of plant cell morphogenesis and physiology, including defence responses.
Effectors synthesised in the oesophageal glands of the nematode are injected into the plant cells via the syringe-like stylet and play a key role in manipulating the host machinery. These obligate endoparasites have a biotrophic relationship with plants, in which they induce the differentiation of root cells into hypertrophied, multinucleate feeding cells. Plant parasitic nematode effectors target host defence and nuclear functions to establish feeding cellsĭirectory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)įull Text Available Plant parasitic nematodes are microscopic worms, the most damaging species of which have adopted a sedentary lifestyle within their hosts.
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